Athlete type was significantly associated with the relative abundance of gut microbiota at the genus and species level: Faecalibacterium, Sutterella, Clostridium, Haemophilus, and Eisenbergiella were the highest ( p < 0.05) in bodybuilders, while Bifidobacterium and Parasutterella were the lowest ( p < 0.05). However, athlete type did not differ in regard to gut microbiota alpha and beta diversity. We showed that exercise type was associated with athlete diet patterns (bodybuilders: high protein, high fat, low carbohydrate, and low dietary fiber diet distance runners: low carbohydrate and low dietary fiber diet). The DNA of fecal samples was extracted and it was sequenced for the analysis of gut microbial diversity through bioinformatics cloud platform. Dietary intake was analyzed with the computerized nutritional evaluation program. Methodsīody composition was measured using DXA, and physical activity level was assessed using IPAQ. This study compared fecal microbiota characteristics using high-throughput sequencing among healthy sedentary men (as controls), bodybuilders, and distance runners, as well as the relationships between microbiota characteristics, body composition, and nutritional status. It is recommended that athletes avoid dietary fiber and resistant starch to promote gastric emptying and reduce gastrointestinal distress during exercise, but this diet may reduce microbial diversity and compromise the health of the athlete’s gut microbiota. Recently, gut microbiota have been studied extensively for health promotion, disease prevention, disease treatment, and exercise performance.
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